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复杂性 3

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Grasping institutional complexity in infrastructure mega-projects through the multi-level governance

Yi HU, Yun LE, Xinglin GAO, Yongkui LI, Mingqiang LIU

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2018年第5卷第1期页码 52-63 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2018074

摘要： This study analyzes the design and operation of multi-level governance system for the smooth delivery of infrastructure mega-projects with high institutional complexity caused by market transition. From an institutional perspective, this study scrutinizes the structure, elements, and dynamics of the governance system of infrastructure mega-projects and then proposes an integrative framework based on the inductive case study of the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge mega-project. Multiple evidences of archives, field studies, and interviews related to the case project are triangulated to further analyze the institutional effects, specifically those with government logics and market structures, on the design and operation of the three-level governance system. Results reveal that the co-evolution between governments and markets in China has shaped the vertical levels of the mega-project governance system and has further affected their evolution and operation across various stages of project development. This study contributes to the rapidly emerging research on complex system governance by proposing a systematic model of three-level mega-project governance to enhance the timely delivery of infrastructure mega-projects within budget.

关键词： institutional complexity multi-level governance infrastructure mega-project China

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An institutional theory perspective

《工程管理前沿（英文）》页码 427-438 doi: 10.1007/s42524-023-0258-0

摘要： A project-oriented organization is a hybrid form of organization where a functional hierarchy is augmented with structures to manage projects strategically across the organization. Six project-oriented organizations from diverse industries that emphasize innovation in their strategies were selected for this study. We use the three pillars of institutional theory — regulative, normative and cultural-cognitive — and institutional entrepreneurship to analyze interview data from executive and project, program and portfolio management personnel in the project-oriented organizations to investigate how innovation is facilitated through external influences and internal responses. Our findings indicate that processes and new structures provide effective ways for innovation and, while individuals are important, processes are more effective than individuals at enabling innovation. We put forward some lessons for practice that emerge directly from the findings, including suggestions on improving allocation of resources, a need to focus on processes, reconceptualization of “failure”, and dedicated investment in market knowledge, customer knowledge, performance metrics and flexible governance structures.

关键词： project-oriented organizations innovation institutional entrepreneurship institutional theory

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Managing stakeholder dynamics and complexity in mega infrastructure projects

Geoffrey Qiping SHEN, Jin XUE

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2021年第8卷第1期页码 148-150 doi: 10.1007/s42524-020-0149-6

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Decreasing complexity of glucose time series derived from continuous glucose monitoring is correlated

《医学前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第1期页码 68-74 doi: 10.1007/s11684-022-0955-9

摘要： Most information used to evaluate diabetic statuses is collected at a special time-point, such as taking fasting plasma glucose test and providing a limited view of individual’s health and disease risk. As a new parameter for continuously evaluating personal clinical statuses, the newly developed technique “continuous glucose monitoring” (CGM) can characterize glucose dynamics. By calculating the complexity of glucose time series index (CGI) with refined composite multi-scale entropy analysis of the CGM data, the study showed for the first time that the complexity of glucose time series in subjects decreased gradually from normal glucose tolerance to impaired glucose regulation and then to type 2 diabetes (P for trend < 0.01). Furthermore, CGI was significantly associated with various parameters such as insulin sensitivity/secretion (all P < 0.01), and multiple linear stepwise regression showed that the disposition index, which reflects β-cell function after adjusting for insulin sensitivity, was the only independent factor correlated with CGI (P < 0.01). Our findings indicate that the CGI derived from the CGM data may serve as a novel marker to evaluate glucose homeostasis.

关键词： complexity of glucose time series continuous glucose monitoring impaired glucose regulation insulin secretion and sensitivity refined composite multi-scale entropy

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Applications of dynamical complexity theory in traditional Chinese medicine

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2014年第8卷第3期页码 279-284 doi: 10.1007/s11684-014-0367-6

摘要：

Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been gradually accepted by the world. Despite its widespread use in clinical settings, a major challenge in TCM is to study it scientifically. This difficulty arises from the fact that TCM views human body as a complex dynamical system, and focuses on the balance of the human body, both internally and with its external environment. As a result, conventional tools that are based on reductionist approach are not adequate. Methods that can quantify the dynamics of complex integrative systems may bring new insights and utilities about the clinical practice and evaluation of efficacy of TCM. The dynamical complexity theory recently proposed and its computational algorithm, Multiscale Entropy (MSE) analysis, are consistent with TCM concepts. This new system level analysis has been successfully applied to many health and disease related topics in medicine. We believe that there could be many promising applications of this dynamical complexity concept in TCM. In this article, we propose some promising applications and research areas that TCM practitioners and researchers can pursue.

关键词： traditional Chinese medicine Multiscale Entropy dynamical complexity system level applications

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Managing Coordination Complexity in the Remanufacturing of Aircraft Engines

Qing Yang,Lu Zheng

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2016年第3卷第2期页码 158-164 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2016022

摘要： The complexity of communication and coordination stemming from teams responsible for adjusting interdependent parameters of components is a fundamental feature in the aircraft engine remanufacturing engineering project. To manage coordination complexity, the features of the remanufacturing process of aircraft engine are analyzed and a systematic method is presented to measure and optimize the dependency between coupled components. Furthermore, quantitative models are built based on Design Structure Matrix (DSM) models to measure dependency strengths related to the parameter features of the components. Also, a two-stage DSM clustering criteria is used to reduce the complexity of an organization. An industrial example is provided to illustrate the proposed models. The results showed that the proposed approach can reduce total coordination complexity.

关键词： remanufacturing engineering project aircraft engine coordination complexity organization optimization design structure matrix (DSM)

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试析战略创新的复杂性

苗东升

《中国工程科学》 2007年第9卷第1期页码 8-14

摘要：

指明了战略创新研究属于复杂性科学，依据系统学原理诠释创新概念；论述了战略创新的复杂性在于它自身内含的对立统一；论证了国家战略创新是开放复杂巨系统，并指出驾驭这种复杂性需要建设创新型国家。

关键词：战略创新复杂性系统思维创新型国家

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INTEGRATION FOR SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE IN CHINA: THE HISTORY OF STATE POLICY GOALS, REFORM OPPORTUNITIES AND INSTITUTIONAL

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第10卷第4期页码 518-529 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2023525

摘要：

This paper examines the historical evolution of crop-livestock integration in China with a specific focus on its role in mitigating non-point source pollution. Extensive examination of existing literature has unearthed the roots of crop-livestock integration dating back to the Western Zhou Dynasty (1046 to 771 BCE), ultimately culminating in a multifaceted and intricately interwoven system of rural development policies seen in contemporary China. This paper identifies and characterizes four distinct stages in the historical trajectory of crop-livestock integration: the era of self-sufficient subsistence production in traditional times (1046 BCE to 1948); the period where crop-livestock integration emerged as a pivotal strategy for augmenting grain and meat production under collectivist policies (1949‒1977); the phase marked by the industrialization and expansion of the livestock sector during the early years of economic reforms (1978‒2011); and the present era in which crop-livestock integration is harnessed as a mechanism for pollution control and ecological preservation in contemporary China (2012 to present). This paper illuminates the diverse contributions of crop-livestock integration in different epochs of rural development within China, which contributes to a nuanced and more theoretically grounded comprehension of circular agriculture. This understanding has the potential to be leveraged to promote sustainable rural development in broader contexts.

关键词： crop-livestock integration non-point source pollution control nutrient cycling policy intervention sustainable development

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Traditional Chinese medicine: potential approaches from modern dynamical complexity theories

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2016年第10卷第1期页码 28-32 doi: 10.1007/s11684-016-0434-2

摘要：

Despite the widespread use of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in clinical settings, proving its effectiveness via scientific trials is still a challenge. TCM views the human body as a complex dynamical system, and focuses on the balance of the human body, both internally and with its external environment. Such fundamental concepts require investigations using system-level quantification approaches, which are beyond conventional reductionism. Only methods that quantify dynamical complexity can bring new insights into the evaluation of TCM. In a previous article, we briefly introduced the potential value of Multiscale Entropy (MSE) analysis in TCM. This article aims to explain the existing challenges in TCM quantification, to introduce the consistency of dynamical complexity theories and TCM theories, and to inspire future system-level research on health and disease.

关键词： traditional Chinese medicine quantification dynamical complexity system level balance modern sciences

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From systematicness to complexity: Fundamental thinking of mega-project management

Zhaohan SHENG, Han LIN

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2018年第5卷第1期页码 125-127 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2018001

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我国生态文明治理能力建设制约因素与制度改革任务分析

张惠远,张强,刘煜杰,刘淑芳,郝海广

《中国工程科学》 2015年第17卷第8期页码 137-136

摘要：

本文从生态文明建设与经济、政治、文化、社会建设五位一体的角度对我国生态文明治理能力建设的制约因素与制度改革任务进行了系统分析，研究探讨了生态文明治理能力建设的内涵、目标与建设框架，从法治、体制、机制等方面总结分析了我国生态文明治理能力建设的现状和制约因素，并针对这些问题围绕法治建设、体制改革、政府管理、市场运行、公众参与、文化引导分析提出了制度改革的重点任务。

关键词：生态文明；治理能力；制约因素；制度改革；建设框架

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Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in cancer: complexity and opportunities

Yun Zhang, Robert A. Weinberg

《医学前沿（英文）》 2018年第12卷第4期页码 361-373 doi: 10.1007/s11684-018-0656-6

摘要：

The cell-biological program termed the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays an important role in both development and cancer progression. Depending on the contextual signals and intracellular gene circuits of a particular cell, this program can drive fully epithelial cells to enter into a series of phenotypic states arrayed along the epithelial-mesenchymal phenotypic axis. These cell states display distinctive cellular characteristics, including stemness, invasiveness, drug-resistance and the ability to form metastases at distant organs, and thereby contribute to cancer metastasis and relapse. Currently we still lack a coherent overview of the molecular and biochemical mechanisms inducing cells to enter various states along the epithelial-mesenchymal phenotypic spectrum. An improved understanding of the dynamic and plastic nature of the EMT program has the potential to yield novel therapies targeting this cellular program that may aid in the management of high-grade malignancies.

关键词： epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition cancer metastasis cancer stem cell

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An improved low-complexity sum-product decoding algorithm for low-density parity-check codes

Michaelraj Kingston ROBERTS,Ramesh JAYABALAN

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2015年第16卷第6期页码 511-518 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1400269

摘要： In this paper, an improved low-complexity sum-product decoding algorithm is presented for low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes. In the proposed algorithm, reduction in computational complexity is achieved by utilizing fast Fourier transform (FFT) with time shift in the check node process. The improvement in the decoding performance is achieved by utilizing an optimized integer constant in the variable node process. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm achieves an overall coding gain improvement ranging from 0.04 to 0.46 dB. Moreover, when compared with the sum-product algorithm (SPA), the proposed decoding algorithm can achieve a reduction of 42%-67% of the total number of arithmetic operations required for the decoding process.

关键词： Computational complexity Coding gain Fast Fourier transform (FFT) Low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes Sum-product algorithm (SPA)

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从复杂性看科学发展观

苗东升

《中国工程科学》 2005年第7卷第8期页码 1-8

摘要：

发展观指人们对社会发展的目标、动力、模式、规律等的根本看法，其复杂性涉及四个层面：在对象层面上，发展观的复杂性源于社会是特殊的开放复杂巨系统；在认知层面上，认知过程的复杂性源于思维巨系统的复杂性与习以为常的还原论和非系统思维带来的曲解；在实践层面上，落实发展观的复杂性源于现实的利益格局、现行体制中的不完善、国际关系的复杂性等因素；在哲学层面上，发展观的复杂性源于发展过程包含的大量对立统一，只有对它们统筹兼顾，确保矛盾各方全面协调发展，才是科学的。

关键词：科学发展观复杂性开放复杂巨系统对立统一

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Whole-life Thinking and Engineering the Future

Roger Flanagan

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2014年第1卷第3期页码 290-296 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2014040

摘要： Whole-life thinking for engineers working on the built environment has become more important in a fast changing world. Whole-life thinking is not new, every project attempts to balance the initial capital cost with the operating and maintenance cost of an asset. Engineers are increasingly concerned with complex systems, in which the parts interact with each other and with the outside world in many ways — the relationships between the parts determine how the system behaves. Systems thinking provides one approach to developing a more robust whole-life approach. Systems thinking is a process of understanding how things influence one another within a wider perspective. Complexity, chaos, and risk are endemic in all major projects. New approaches are needed to produce more reliable whole-life predictions. Best value, rather than lowest cost, can be achieved by using whole-life appraisal as a part of the design and delivery strategy.

关键词： whole-life thinking systems thinking complexity chaos risk management through life